ALLEMAND
ESPAGNOL
FRANÇAIS
ITALIEN
NÉERLANDAIS
PORTUGAISTornjak
Welcome to our page dedicated to the breed of dog tornjak!
Here, you will find all the useful information about tornjak. This descriptive profile will allow you to discover the aspects of this breed. You can notably consult information about the average price, monthly and annual upkeep expenses, their health, name ideas, as well as their official recognition by competent authorities.
Explore this page to discover everything you need to know.
Overall description of the breed
The Bosnian-Herzegovinian-Croatian Shepherd Dog, also known as the Tornjak, is a sheepdog native to the mountainous regions of the Dinaric Alps in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia. Its history dates back to the 11th century, when it was already mentioned between 1067 and 1374 in these regions.
In the 1970s, the breed almost disappeared, but thanks to the determination of a few enthusiasts and breeders, the Tornjak was saved from extinction. In 1978, carefully selected crosses enabled the breed to be rebuilt and purebreds to be preserved. This safeguarding process finally bore fruit.
The Tornjak was officially recognised by the FCI in two stages: provisionally on 1 June 2007, then definitively on 7 November 2017. However, despite its qualities, the Tornjak remains a rare breed outside its native countries, and is not widely distributed in Europe and the rest of the world.
Tornjaks are large, solidly built dogs with remarkable power. Despite their imposing size, they move elegantly and lightly, displaying a harmonious, balanced gait. They have strong, muscular bones.
Its body must form a square, its head is well proportioned with a muzzle as long as its skull. The muzzle is square and powerful, with a slightly defined stop. The hair is short on the face and legs, but long, thick and downy on the rest of the body, forming an imposing mane around the neck. The coat is mainly white, with fawn and black markings.
Bosnian and Croatian Shepherd Dogs have a fairly exclusive character. They are very attached to their family and show their affection in demonstrative ways. Calm by nature, they enjoy playing, being tireless and lively. Despite their energy, they remain calm and serene indoors.
Tornjaks are well-balanced, protective and active companions. If you're looking for a large dog that can be both a vigilant guardian and a peaceful member of your household, the Bosnian-Herzegovinian-Croatian Shepherd could be the ideal companion.
When fully grown, Tornjaks weigh around 40 kg (88 lb), measure between 65 and 70 cm (25" to 27") at the withers for males, and between 60 and 65 cm (23" to 25") for females.
Awareness of acquiring an animal
Each animal is a sensitive being, deserving love, attention and care.
When you choose to adopt an animal, you take on the responsibility of ensuring its health and well-being throughout its life.
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Origins
The Bosnian-Herzegovinian Shepherd, also called Tornjak, is a very old dog breed originating from the mountainous regions of the Balkans, specifically in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia. The first traces of this breed date back several centuries, when these sturdy dogs were used by shepherds to protect herds from predators such as wolves and bears. Its name "Tornjak" comes from "tor", a local term for a livestock pen, highlighting its traditional role in guarding and protection.
History
Over the centuries, the Tornjak has been shaped by its environment and the needs of its shepherd masters. Isolated for a long time, the breed has maintained remarkable purity until today. It was only in 1972 that systematic preservation efforts began, leading to official recognition of the Tornjak as a breed by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) in the early 2000s. This recognition has helped promote the breed beyond its traditional borders and standardize its characteristics.
Standard
The standard of the Tornjak breed describes a large, sturdy and well-proportioned dog, with a strong bone structure and well-developed musculature. The coat is long and dense, offering effective protection against harsh weather conditions. Accepted colors mainly include white with black, gray or reddish spots. The head is massive with expressive eyes and drooping ears, giving the dog a vigilant and serious expression.
Physical characteristics
The Bosnian-Herzegovinian Shepherd measures on average between 65 and 75 cm at the withers for males, and between 60 and 70 cm for females. Its weight varies from 35 to 50 kg. Its fur, requiring regular maintenance, is adapted to cold climates and is double-layered, with a thick undercoat and a long, coarse topcoat. Its tail is bushy and hangs low at rest, but can raise in a curve when alert.
Character
The Tornjak is known for its calm and balanced temperament. It is a loyal dog, very attached to its family, but wary of strangers, making it an excellent guardian. Intelligent and thoughtful, it is also patient and tolerant, making it particularly good with children. However, it requires early socialization, especially in the presence of other pets.
Life expectancy
The life expectancy of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian Shepherd Dog is generally 11 to 14 years. It is a robust dog, but like all large breeds, it may be prone to certain specific health problems that can affect its longevity.
Exercise and activity needs
Due to its working dog heritage, the Tornjak has high exercise and activity needs. It thrives in rural environments where it can patrol and freely expend energy. Long daily walks and play sessions are essential to maintain its physical and mental health.
Recommended diet
The Tornjak's diet should be adapted to its level of activity and age. A diet rich in proteins and fats is ideal, especially if the dog is active. It is important to monitor its weight to prevent obesity, especially as it ages and its activity level decreases.
Training and obedience
The Tornjak, intelligent and eager to please, responds well to consistent and respectful training. It is important to start his education at a young age, especially for controlling his strength and large size. Training based on reward and positivity yields the best results.
Behavior with children
The Tornjak is naturally protective and gentle with children, making it an ideal family companion.
Compatibility with Other Animals
Thanks to its past as a shepherd dog working closely with other animals, the Tornjak can peacefully coexist with other pets if properly socialized from a young age. However, its strong guarding instinct can make it somewhat dominant towards other dogs, especially those of the same sex.
Grooming needs
Grooming the Tornjak is demanding due to its thick and long coat. Regular brushing, at least twice a week, is necessary to prevent knots and maintain the cleanliness and health of its skin. During shedding periods, more frequent brushing may be required to manage hair loss.
Health
The Bosnian-Herzegovinian Shepherd, also known as Tornjak, is generally a robust breed with a good constitution. Originating from the mountainous regions of the Balkans, this breed is adapted to harsh climates and has few specific health problems. However, like any large dog, the Tornjak can be prone to conditions such as hip dysplasia. It is essential for owners to ensure that their dogs receive regular veterinary checks, including orthopedic examinations and comprehensive health assessments, to maintain their well-being.
Average price
Acquiring a Bosnian-Herzegovinian Shepherd puppy can vary considerably depending on the pedigree, location, and reputation of the breeder. On average, the price of a puppy can range between 800 and 1200 euros. In the United States, the price can be around 1000 to 1500 dollars. Puppies from champion bloodlines are often more expensive due to their potential in shows and competitions.
Expenses
Annual expenses for a Bosnian-Herzegovinian Shepherd include food, veterinary care, insurance, and accessories such as leashes and toys. On average, an owner can expect to spend between 1000 to 1500 euros or 1100 to 1650 dollars per year. These costs can increase in case of illness or if the dog participates in sports activities or exhibitions.
Name ideas
Choosing a name for a Bosnian-Herzegovinian Shepherd can reflect its heritage or characteristics. For example, "Mirko" means peace, ideal for a gentle dog. "Vuk" which means wolf, may suit a brave and independent dog. "Zora" is synonymous with dawn, perfect for a dog with light fur or one who brings a new light into your life. Each name carries a story that strengthens the bond between the dog and its owner.
Legislation and regulation
The Bosnian-Herzegovinian Shepherd is not subject to any particular restrictions in most countries. However, it is always recommended to check local laws, especially if you plan to travel or move. Some countries or cities may have specific rules regarding ownership, leash, and muzzle.
Official recognition
The Bosnian-Herzegovinian Shepherd Dog is recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) and is registered in many world canine registries. The official organization of the breed in its country of origin is the Kennel Club of Bosnia-Herzegovina, which maintains the breed standards and organizes events and competitions.
Pedigrees
Pedigrees for Bosnian-Herzegovinian Shepherds are available through breeders and official breed clubs. These documents are essential to prove the dog's lineage, and they are particularly important for those who wish to participate in shows or breeding.
Destination and usage
Traditionally used for guarding herds against predators in the Balkan mountains, Bosnian-Herzegovinian Shepherds are excellent guard dogs and companions. Their calm temperament and loyalty make them great additions to active families. They are also used in service or therapy roles due to their sensitive and receptive nature.
Prohibitions
As of today, there are no specific restrictions concerning the Bosnian-Herzegovinian Shepherd in the majority of countries. However, due to the size and strength of the breed, some places may impose stricter rules on the ownership of large dogs. It is advisable to check with local authorities to ensure compliance with current regulations.
Breeders of tornjak
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