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Welcome to our page dedicated to the breed of dog tosa!
Here, you will find all the useful information about tosa. This descriptive profile will allow you to discover the aspects of this breed. You can notably consult information about the average price, monthly and annual upkeep expenses, their health, name ideas, as well as their official recognition by competent authorities.
Explore this page to discover everything you need to know.
Overall description of the breed
The Tosa Inu is an ancient breed originating from Japan, specifically from the island of Shikoku, located in the Tosa province, from which it takes its name. It descends directly from the formidable Shikoku Inu, a combat dog renowned throughout the archipelago since the 14th century for its determination and combativeness.
The Tosa Ken is the result of crossbreeding between European dogs such as the Bulldog, Bull Mastiff, Great Dane, and even the Saint Bernard, and the Shikoku Inu. These crossbreeds were undertaken from the 19th century with the aim of creating a physically stronger dog capable of rivaling the Akita Inu, originally from the northern provinces of Japan.
In the early 20th century, the Tosa was widespread. However, World War II nearly led to the extinction of the breed due to the lack of food resources and the time dedicated to breeding. Fortunately, several individuals were exported out of the country to preserve the breed. After the war, the Tosa returned to the archipelago, where breeding resumed, including the tradition of dog fights.
Rarely found outside Japan, there are fewer than a hundred births per year in most Western countries. However, thanks to rigorous breed preservation programs, the International Canine Federation officially registered it on April 1, 1964, and its current standard was published on December 9, 1997.
The Tosa is a large dog with an imposing appearance. Slightly longer than tall, its body is rectangular. In motion, it exudes a lot of presence and energy. Its back is wide and strong, with a distinct horizontal line that subtly curves at the level of the loins.
Its powerful morphological structure consists of a broad chest, well-developed shoulders, and a thick bone structure, supported by sturdy limbs. Its head is massive, with pronounced jaws, a relatively short muzzle, and a distinct stop. Its eyes, small and almond-shaped, are always dark or amber in color.
Its coat is short, dense, and silky. Coat colors accepted by the standard include fawn, apricot, black, or brindle. Its tail, thick at the base, is of good length and tapers gently towards the tip.
Despite its reputation as a formidable combat dog, the Tosa is close to humans, affectionate, endearing, and calm. Contrary to appearances, this giant is gentle with family members, particularly children whom it appreciates and protects.
The Tosa Inu is an exceptional guardian, attentive to the protection of its territory. Distrustful of strangers, it observes its environment carefully and intervenes if it perceives an abnormal situation. Due to its strong character, it is not recommended for novice owners. Intensive socialization from a young age is necessary for it to develop harmoniously within a community.
As a reliable everyday companion, its training should be firm, positive, and respectful, with its energy channeled appropriately. The Tosa Ken will prove to be an outstanding playmate and a wonderful pet for the entire family.
In adulthood, the Tosa Inu weighs between 45 and 65 kg (100 to 145 lb) and stands at a minimum of 60 cm (23.6") for males and 55 cm (21.6") for females.
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Origins
The Tosa, also known as Tosa Inu or Tosa Ken, is a breed originating from Japan. Developed in the 19th century in the Tosa region, it was created to be a powerful and resilient fighting dog. Japanese breeders crossed native dogs with Western breeds such as the Bulldog, Mastiff, Saint Bernard, and Bull Terrier. The goal was to produce a sturdy dog with great endurance and a strong constitution, capable of competing in traditional Japanese dog fights while respecting the strict rules of these competitions.
History
The history of the Tosa is intimately linked to Japanese dog fighting traditions. Developed in the 19th century, this breed was shaped by crossing several European and local breeds to obtain a robust and imposing dog. Mainly used in dog fighting, the Tosa was respected for its courage, strength, and resilience. After World War II, the breed experienced a decline, but efforts were made to preserve and promote it. Today, the Tosa is still used in traditional competitions in Japan, although it is also valued as a guard and companion dog in other parts of the world.
Standard
The Tosa breed standard defines a powerful and muscular dog, with a noble and imposing appearance. Males generally measure between 60 and 80 cm at the withers, while females are slightly smaller. The weight varies from 40 to 90 kg. The coat is short, dense and smooth, offering minimal protection against the weather. Accepted coat colors include red, black, fawn, brindle, and sometimes brown. The head is wide and massive, with drooping ears and dark eyes that express great vigilance and unwavering determination.
Physical characteristics
The Tosa is a large dog, with an imposing and muscular stature. Males measure between 60 and 80 cm at the withers and weigh between 40 and 90 kg, while females are slightly smaller and lighter. The coat is short, dense, and smooth, requiring little maintenance. Coat colors vary, including red, black, fawn, brindle, and sometimes brown. The head is wide with powerful jaws, hanging ears, and dark and expressive eyes. The tail is thick at the base and tapers towards the tip, often carried low.
Character
The Tosa is known for its calm, dignified, and courageous temperament. Developed for dog fighting, it is naturally gentle and loyal to its family. Intelligent and capable of showing great determination, it can be stubborn if not properly trained. Mistrustful of strangers, it is an excellent guard dog. However, with proper socialization, it can be friendly and protective. Its balanced nature and stable behavior make it a reliable companion for experienced owners who understand its needs and unique temperament.
Life expectancy
The life expectancy of the Tosa generally ranges between 10 and 12 years, which is typical for a large breed dog. To ensure a long and healthy life, it is essential to provide balanced nutrition, regular exercise, and preventive veterinary care. Tosas, like many large breeds, can be prone to certain health conditions such as hip dysplasia and heart problems. Regular veterinary check-ups and special attention to their physical condition can help prevent and manage these issues, thus maximizing their life expectancy.
Exercise and activity needs
The Tosa is an active breed that requires regular exercise to maintain its physical fitness and mental well-being. An hour of daily walking, combined with play and mental stimulation sessions, is recommended. Due to their size and power, they greatly benefit from activities that allow them to expend their energy, such as running and interactive games. Exercise also helps prevent boredom, which can lead to destructive behaviors. A spacious environment is ideal for this breed, although structured activities can compensate for a smaller living space.
Recommended diet
The Tosa's diet should be of high quality, rich in proteins and tailored to its size and activity level. It is important to provide a balanced diet to support its muscle mass and high energy level. Premium kibble for large breeds is generally recommended. The monthly cost of feeding a Tosa can range from 80 to 150 euros, depending on the brand and quality of food chosen. Nutritional supplements may also be beneficial for joint and coat health. Fresh water should always be available.
Training and obedience
The education of the Tosa should begin from a young age, with a consistent and patient approach. Due to its great intelligence and strength, a training based on positive reinforcement is recommended. It is crucial to socialize the Tosa early to avoid excessive suspicion or aggression towards strangers and other animals. Obedience classes are strongly recommended to establish clear boundaries and strengthen the bond between the dog and its owner. Consistency and firmness, without resorting to violence, are essential to raise a well-balanced and obedient Tosa.
Behavior with children
The Tosa can be an excellent companion for children, thanks to its protective and loyal nature. However, due to its size and strength, it is crucial to supervise interactions between the dog and young children to avoid any accidental accidents. It is important to teach children to respect the dog and interact with it in an appropriate manner. Early and ongoing socialization with children of different ages will help the Tosa develop a positive and harmonious relationship with the youngest family members.
Compatibility with Other Animals
The Tosa can live with other pets, but it largely depends on its socialization and training from a young age. Due to its guard instinct and strength, it can be territorial and dominant, especially with other dogs. Progressive and controlled introduction is essential for a harmonious coexistence. Supervision is recommended, especially during the first interactions. With proper training and early socialization, the Tosa can learn to accept and peacefully coexist with other household animals.
Grooming needs
The Tosa has a short and dense coat that requires minimal maintenance. Weekly brushing is sufficient to remove dead hair and keep the coat clean and healthy. Baths can be given occasionally, as needed, to maintain good hygiene. It is also important to regularly check and clean the ears to prevent infections, and brush the teeth to avoid dental problems. Claws should be trimmed regularly to prevent them from becoming too long and causing discomfort or mobility problems.
Health
The Tosa is generally a robust breed, but it can be prone to certain health problems typical of large breeds. The most common conditions include hip dysplasia, heart diseases, and some skin issues. A balanced diet, regular exercise, and preventive veterinary care are essential to maintain its health. Regular check-ups at the vet can help detect and treat any health issues quickly. It is also recommended to choose a breeder who conducts health tests on their breeding dogs to minimize the risks of hereditary diseases.
Average price
The average price of a Tosa puppy can vary depending on the breeder, lineage, and health tests performed. Generally, the cost of a Tosa puppy ranges between 1,200 and 2,500 euros. Puppies from champion lines or with particularly sought-after characteristics may be more expensive. It is crucial to choose a reputable breeder who practices ethical breeding, performs health tests, and provides a pedigree. This price may include initial vaccinations, microchip, and sometimes health insurance for the first few months.
Expenses
Monthly expenses for a Tosa can vary depending on many factors, but on average, they range between 100 and 200 euros per month. These costs include high quality food, veterinary care, grooming products, and various accessories such as collars, leashes and toys. Veterinary costs may increase in cases of illnesses or specific conditions requiring regular treatment. Owners should also budget for additional costs for training classes and for boarding or kennel services, if needed.
Name ideas
Choosing a name for your Tosa can be a fun task. Here are some suggestions: Kuma, meaning "bear" in Japanese, Yuki, which means "snow", Hoshi, for "star", Kenzo, meaning "wisdom", Akira, which means "clear" or "bright", Kira, meaning "radiant", Sumo, in reference to strength, Taro, which means "big boy", Miko, for "child of the sea", and Sora, meaning "sky". These names reflect both the Tosa's Japanese heritage and its distinctive characteristics, from its strength to its majestic appearance.
Legislation and regulation
Due to its size and history as a fighting dog, the Tosa is often classified as a dangerous breed in many countries. In France, it is classified as a category 2 breed, which means it must be muzzled and kept on a leash in public places and requires a declaration to the town hall with liability insurance. Owners must also undergo specific training. Other countries, such as Germany and Norway, simply prohibit the ownership of this breed. It is essential to check local laws before acquiring a Tosa to ensure legal compliance.
Official recognition
The Tosa is recognized by several cynological organizations around the world, although regulations may vary. In France, it is recognized by the Société Centrale Canine (SCC) and the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI). Several national registers also register it such as the JKC (Japan Kennel Club) in Japan, the American Kennel Club (AKC) in the United States, the VDH (Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen) in Germany, the RSCE (Real Sociedad Canina de España) in Spain, all of which depend on the FCI. These recognitions help maintain standards and promote responsible breeding.
Pedigrees
Pedigrees for the Tosa can be obtained from various recognized breed clubs in different countries. In France, the French Club of Tosa Inu is a reference for obtaining pedigrees and information on bloodlines. In the United States, the American Tosa Inu Association provides pedigrees and promotes the breed. The Kennel Club in the UK, as well as the Canadian Kennel Club (CKC) in Canada, also offer pedigrees for this breed. These clubs and organizations play a crucial role in the preservation and promotion of breed standards.
Destination and usage
Historically, the Tosa has been used as a fighting dog in Japan, but its modern uses are more varied. Today, it is appreciated as a guard dog for its protective nature and loyalty. Its imposing stature and balanced temperament also make it an excellent companion for experienced families who understand its needs. In addition, its strength and endurance make it suitable for activities such as protection work and canine sports. With proper training, the Tosa can excel in various roles, ranging from guarding to loyal companionship.
Prohibitions
Due to its size and history as a fighting dog, the Tosa is banned in several countries. For example, in Germany, Norway and Denmark, it is illegal to own a Tosa. In other countries like France, it is classified as a dangerous breed, which imposes strict restrictions on its ownership, including muzzling and leash requirements in public places. It is crucial for potential owners to check local and national laws regarding ownership of this breed before acquiring one to avoid any legal issues.
Breeders of tosa
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Breed clubs of tosa
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